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  3. 请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。 Passage 1 The British Medical Journal recently featured...

请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。 Passage 1 The British Medical Journal recently featured...

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问题 请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。
Passage 1
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
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选项 A．Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B．Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C．Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D．There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.
答案C
解析A项“医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候．作者用的是虚拟语气“if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance”．即如果能有可靠的标准．能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说“Medical schools…cannot be expected to reinedy all the ills of a society．”。D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高。而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说．医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感．故选C。
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