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  3. Text 2　All around the world, lawyers gen

Text 2　All around the world, lawyers gen

书海库2020-05-20  171
问题 Text 2　All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.　During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.　There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.　Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.　The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.　In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.
选项 A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _____. A.the growing demand from clients B.the increasing pressure of inflation C.the prospect of working in big firms D.the attraction of financial rewards
答案D
解析细节题。第一段首先引出本文论述的对象——lawyers，并用generate more hostility than…“受到最多憎恨”及have more grounds for complaint“（律师）最有理由被投诉”暗示出美国律师界存在问题。第二段具体指出问题所在，其因果关系如下：民众在法律方面花费大（第①句）最优秀的律师赚得大钱（第②句）诱惑着越来越多的学生进人法律院校 （第②句）大多数毕业生工作并未如愿（第③、④句）。D项“丰厚经济回报的吸引”与第二段第②句意思相同，该句提到“最优秀的律师赚得大钱（skyscrapers-full of money），吸引着越来越多的学生涌入法律院校tempting ever more students to pile into law schools），据此可判定D为正确选项。A项“客户需求的增长”属于偷换概念，增长的是“法律服务方面的花费”，不是客户需求；B项是利用inflation捏造的干扰项，原文并没有提到学生选择律师专业时受到通货膨胀的压力；C 项“为大公司工作的前景”只是赚钱的一种手段，不准确。因果细节题的解题关键是去找出文章相应处存在的显性或者隐性的因果关系，一一对应。
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