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  3. 共用题干 第二篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are ...I

共用题干 第二篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are ...I

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

You hear this:"No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat."You feel sad:"I skip my breakfast and
supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?"Basically you can do nothing. Your genes,not
your life habits,determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that"80 percent of the chil-
dren of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese , as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring
of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective,but
the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch,a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of
eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the
subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were sur-
prising : by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement , fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like
they were starving. They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were
anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible
that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved
nonobese people.
Thin people,however,suffer from the opposite:They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan
Sims,of the University of Vermont,got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as
much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the
study ended,they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that
those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly
lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true一each person
has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60～69kg without
too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling
hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
选项 In Ethan Sims'study,the subjects were asked to________.
A:stay in prison
B:eat as much as they could
C:battle their genetic inheritance
D:lower their weight
答案B
解析短文第一段的后面一句话提到，是你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，而 且你的身体其实一直在努力维持着你的体重，由此可知是你的基因决定你的体重。
短文第三段中说到，研究人员给参加实验的八位肥胖人士每天提供只含600卡路里的流质食物。
短文第三段中说到，“但是在他们离开医院以后，他们的体重又恢复了”，可以看出他们的体重最终又恢复到了原来的状态，所以选B。
短文第四段讲研究人员如何让瘦人增加体重。Ethan Sims从犯人中招募志愿者，让他 们增加体重的办法就是让他们吃尽可能多的食物。
短文最后一段说到，科学家们的发现证明了他们的想法，即每个人都有一个适合自己 的体重范围，这个幅度可能是9公斤，但并非每个人都是同样的幅度，所以可以否定干扰项B。
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