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  3. 共用题干 第一篇The News Industry in USWhy do so many Americans distrust what they r...

共用题干 第一篇The News Industry in USWhy do so many Americans distrust what they r...

admin2020-12-24  1
问题 共用题干
第一篇

The News Industry in US

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day's events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the"standard templates"of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.In a recent survey,questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work,or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did,it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education,and class.
选项 What is the passage mainly about?
A:Needs of the readers all over the world.
B:Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
C:Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
D:Aims of a journalism credibility project.
答案B
解析文章的第一句就提出了本文旨在说明的问题“为什么那么多的美国人不相信自己在报纸上读到的内容呢？”从第二段、第三段的内容来看，作者都在试图寻找造成公众对报纸失望的一个真正的根本性的原因。因此可以判断选项B为正确答案。选项A不正确，是因为它仅仅是新闻界的调查项目得到的一个结果而已。选项C已经从文章主旨引申到别的项目上去了。选项D仅仅是为了查明原因而进行的一个调查项目而已。
根据本题题干可以定位到第二段，文中指出“该项目最终所发现的原因大都是新闻报道中的事实错误、拼写或语法错误以及许多关于读者到底想读些什么等诸如此类令人挠头的困惑”，在作者看来，这些发现大都是“低级的”(low-level)，而真正的原因没有这么表面“go way deeper" (第三段首句中）。因此可以判定答案是D选项。
文章的解题点在文章的倒数第二段中“片新闻媒体的这种令人震惊的不信任的根源不在于报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而在于记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞”这句话。也就是说，作者的基本问题是“世界观”的问题。另外三个选项都不是最基本的问题。
本题的解题点可以确定到最后一段。文中说他们“又举办许多研讨会，搞什么可信度项目，试图了解读者为什么对他们不满意，为什么大量流失。但是，对于那么多老顾客所不满的文化和阶级偏见，他们似乎就是没有看见”。由此我们可以看出，真正的原因是他们不能够意识到真正的问题所在，因此正确答案是A选项。
考查作者的态度问题。本题的答案可以定位在最后一段。文中提到“这是一个备受困扰的行业，偏偏不停地雇用那些因为其态度而极大地惹恼客户的员工”。而选项A、B、C都和作者本文的态度相差较远。
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