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  3. The Differences in Living Standards The differences in living standards arou...

The Differences in Living Standards The differences in living standards arou...

admin2020-12-24  35
问题 The Differences in Living Standards
The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity -- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living,; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.
The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.
The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that（）
选项 A.it calls policymakers' attention to a qualified work force.
B.it encourages workers to get better education.
C.it helps improve the workers' ability to produce goods and services.
D.it enables policymakers to access the latest technology.
答案A
解析细节题。题干：研究生产力和生活标准之间的关系在____方面有意义。利用关键词relationship between productivity and living standards可以定位到最后一段，意为“研究生产力和生活水平之间的关系对公共政策的制定有重大意义。某一政策会怎样影响生活水平的关键是它会如何影响我们制造业和服务业。政策的制定者们必须考虑提高生产力就必须依靠提高工人的受教育水平，拥有先进的生产和服务工具以及能够接触到高科技”。所以推断出研究生产力和生活水平之间的关系的意义在于引起政策制定者关注劳动力素质的提高。所以A选项“关注合格的劳动力”是正确答案。
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