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  3. 共用题干 Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1 Multiple Sclerosis ( MS) is a disease in wh...

共用题干 Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1 Multiple Sclerosis ( MS) is a disease in wh...

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问题 共用题干
Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）

1 Multiple Sclerosis ( MS) is a disease in which the patient ' s immune（免疫的）system attacks the
central nervous system.This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms,as the disease affects the
transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain.However,the human body,being a
flexible,adaptable system,can compensate for some level of damage,so a person with MS can look and feel
fine even though the disease is present.
2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease:the relapsing form（复发型）and the
primary progressive form.In the relapsing form,the disease progresses in a series of jumps;at times it is in
remission（减轻）,which meatis that a person's normal functions return for a period of time before the system
goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active.This is the most common form of MS;80％～90%
of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed.The relapse一remission cycle can
continue for many years.Eventually,however,loss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place
and the remissions become less frequent.
3 In the primary progressive form of MS,there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of
physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10%～15% of sufferers at diagnosis.
4 The expected course of the disease,or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables:the subtype of
the disease,the patient's individual characteristics and the initial symptoms.Life expectancy of patients,
however,is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person一provided that a reasonable standard of
care is received.In some cases a near一normal life span is possible.
5 The cause of the disease is unclear ; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility（易感
性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in
young adults between the age of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men;however,it has also
been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.
选项 10%～15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having________.
A:relatives of MS patients
B:the elderly people
C:the disease
D:the primary progressive form
E:the brain
F:life expectancy
答案D
解析本段第一句就给出了Multiple Sclerosis的定义，故选E。
第二段主要讲述的是the relapsing form of Multiple Sclerosis（复发型多发性硬化症），包 括其概念、发病特点等，故选B。
第三段主要讲述的是原发进行性多发性硬化症（the primary progressive form of MS）的发 病特点，故选D。
第四段主要讲述了多发性硬化症的发展进程，即预后，故选F。
由文章第一段中“as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain”可知，多发性硬化症影响了身体和大脑之间（神经细胞）的电子信号传输， 故选E。
由文章第一段可知，虽然多发性硬化症可能导致身体和大脑之间（神经细胞）的电子信 号传输不畅，但是人体系统以其灵活适应性进行弥补，从而使人们在得了此病的时候还感觉良 好，故选C。
由文章第三段最后一句“This condition affects about 10％～15% of sufferers at diagnosis.”可 知，10％～15％的人被确诊为患原发进行性多发性硬化症，故选D。
由文章的最后一段“Onset of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the age of 20 and 40.”可知，年轻人患多发性硬化症的几率比老年人高，故选B。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要介绍了消除艾滋病病毒的最新研究成果，其乐观前景和现存的问题。
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