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  3. 共用题干 第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of dea...

共用题干 第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of dea...

admin2020-12-24  29
问题 共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
选项 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 is_____.
A:the most expensive mechanical heart
B:a mechanical heart used in the 1980s
C:as advanced as AbioCor
D:replacing AbioCor
答案B
解析本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。
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