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  3. 共用题干 第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,b...

共用题干 第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,b...

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

Exercise and Brain

Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.
"It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.
In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive.
"The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."
Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.
选项 Which statement is correct according to the passage?
A:The effect of exercises found in rats can not apply to people.
B:Changes in the brain occurred among young rats are more significant than those among adult rats.
C:Regular exercise can only improve the speed with which the older adults' brain processes information.
D:The author encourages people do more skill-based exercise instead of vigorous physical exercise.
答案B
解析选项A、B、C中提到的锻炼身体的好处在第一段均提到了，只有D项文中没有提到。因此选择D。
文章第二段第二句提到：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。因此选择A项，而B项和C项是技巧性运动的功能，D项不符合文章意思。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们选项A应该是。nning inside an automatic wheels；选项B文中没有提到是inside还是outside；选项C应该是a great number of brain connections；选项D是正确的。
文章第五段第一句告诉我们“学习一种新的舞蹈和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍”，因此A和B项都排除。根据文章第三段和第四段，我们知道只有being inactive inside不能促进大脑发展。
根据文章我们知道选项A里老鼠的实验结果应当可以应用到对人类的研究，因此是错误的；文章第五段告诉我们选项B的表述是正确的；文章第六段告诉我们“经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度”，但并没有说该实验结果不能应用于其他年龄段的人，因此是错误的；根据文章第二段我们知道两种锻炼对大脑会产生不同的影响，因此选项D也是错误的。
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