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共用题干 Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScie

恬恬2019-12-17  9
问题 共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
选项 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
答案B
解析阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。 【解析】 题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：[u]A team[/u] at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of [u]HIV[/u] and [u]has started negotiations[/u] with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)[u]to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year[/u]．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.[u]Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved[/u]．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the [u]fierce nature of HIV had disappeared[/u] (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。 题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。 题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。 题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and [u]progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier[/u]．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。 题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
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