首页
财务会计
医药卫生
金融经济
考公考编
外语考试
学历提升
职称考试
建筑工程
IT考试
其他
登录
职称考试
请阅读Passage l,完成第小题。 Passage 1 Move over Methuselah. Future generations coul...
请阅读Passage l,完成第小题。 Passage 1 Move over Methuselah. Future generations coul...
admin
2020-12-24
36
问题
请阅读Passage l,完成第小题。
Passage 1
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality," he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for--but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just don't know."
Based on recent studies made by various scholars, which of the following factors plays a fundamental role in man's longevity?
查看材料
选项
A.Genes.
B.Eating habits.
C.Environment.
D.Medical condition.
答案
A
解析
第二段第一句“The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is“the decline in the death rate ofthe elderly”.说明了平均寿命增长的原因在于死亡率的降低。文章第二段第二句话“He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put offthe damage which will eventually lead to death.”说明了基因可以推迟或延缓死亡。由此我们可以间接推出基因在人类寿命中的基础性作用。
转载请注明原文地址:https://ti.zuoweng.com/ti/qfT8KKKQ
相关试题推荐
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourhe...
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourhe...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight′ssleep,dreamsseemtobe...
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLatinAmerica,headinghomeforluncha...
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLatinAmerica,headinghomeforluncha...
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLatinAmerica,headinghomeforluncha...
随机试题
明挖基坑轻型井点降水的布置应根据基坑的( )来确定。 A.工程性质 B
神经性贪食症的发作性暴食的病程要求是 A.每周2次,持续3个月 B.每周3次
40岁男性,一年前因胫腓骨骨折,行手法复位,石膏外固定,现检查见骨折处有反常活动
阅读材料,回答问题。 小伟的父母看到许多小朋友参加了各种兴趣班,也给小伟报了好
2007年末全国就业人员76990万人.比上年末增加590万人。其中,第一产业
根据规定,某大型煤矿在投入生产前需建立监测监控系统。该煤矿企业在采购矿井监测系统
下列各项中,与资金时间价值具有关系的项目有()。 A.单利的利息额
赵某与周某系在国家机关工作的同事,平时有隙。为报复周某,赵某向公安机关匿名虚假举报,诬告周某曾在一歌舞厅嫖娼,有陪侍女叶某作证。公安机关调查时,叶某对此作...
与普通口服制剂相比,口服缓(控)释制剂的优点有A.可以减少给药次数B.提高患者的顺应性C.避免或减少峰谷现象,有利于降低药物的不良反应D.根据临床需要,可
下列关于利润表预算的表述中,不正确的是( )。A.财务报表预算是企业的“总预算”B.“利息”项目的数据,来自现金预算C.利润表中数据是面向未来的,与实际利润