首页
财务会计
医药卫生
金融经济
考公考编
外语考试
学历提升
职称考试
建筑工程
IT考试
其他
登录
职称考试
Passage 1 Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious o...
Passage 1 Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious o...
admin
2020-12-24
48
问题
Passage 1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious of developing illnessesassociated with chronic inflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper publishedlast year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortality of loneliness iscomparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studiesand controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so.
He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington, D.C.,about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples ofwhite blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analysed the activity of theirgenes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carriesinstructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA frommost genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, thatwere less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both theless active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off viralinfections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Colesuspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, thisodd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individualand they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, andmay thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catchingviruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes whitecells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection
against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seems to have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environmentreaches inside a person′ s body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately. It is not thatthe lonely and the gregarious are genetically different from each other. Rather, their genes areregulated differently, according to how sociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation ispart of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What message does Dr. Cole seem to convey by the mechanism
选项
A.The lonely people differ in genes from the gregarious people.
B.Sociability can adjust a person' s genome and make it work properly,
C.The lonely people can become sociable if they regulate their genes.
D.Individuals have to find their own ways to adapt to the environment.
答案
B
解析
推断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段。由本段前三句可知,Cole博士似乎已经揭示出这样一种机制,社交环境可以影响人们体内的生化活动,调整人体内的基因组以让其做出恰当的反应。这并非说孤独的人和爱交际的人在基因上有所不同.而是根据交际程度的不同.这两种人以不同的方式调控各自的基因。归纳上述内容可推断,交际程度能调整人的基因组,使它得以良好运作。故B项为正确答案。A项与此意矛盾。可排除。C项在原文中并未提及。D项“个人要找到他们自己的方式来适应环境”不符合Cole博士要表达的意思。
转载请注明原文地址:https://ti.zuoweng.com/ti/xRT8KKKQ
相关试题推荐
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourhe...
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourhe...
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourhe...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowy...
Passage2 Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight′ssleep,dreamsseemtobe...
Passage2 Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight′ssleep,dreamsseemtobe...
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLatinAmerica,headinghomeforluncha...
随机试题
在巷道中采用压入式通风时,说法正确的是()。
根据2014年8月8日正式生效的《公开募集证券投资基金运作管理办法》,公募证券投
不属于平时考查的方式有()
受委托承担一项岩土工程监理的总监理工程师( )不合格的岩土工程分包单位项目负责
基础代谢率常用计算公式是 A基础代谢率=脉率x脉压-111 B基础代谢率=
《关于新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则》指出,党的各级组织和纪律检查机关要加强纪律执行情况的监督和检查,坚决防止和纠正()宽松软的问题。A.执行纪律B.落实工
个别教学
共用题干 男,20岁。全口多数牙龈均有不同程度的充血、水肿,以下前牙牙龈肿胀明显,牙龈呈暗红色,牙颈部可见堆积的软垢和牙石,舌侧较多,触之牙龈易出血,牙...
我国资本项目交易环节的外汇管理包括( )。A:实需交易原则B:强制要求外汇结汇C:对金融市场准入的限制D:对外借款的限制E:对直接投资的限制
公信力评估是确保社会服务机构诚信的一种制度安排,以下不属于公信力评估的是()。A.资金的合理使用和运作B.财务与信息的透明化C.规范的治理结构D.良好的