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共用题干 第二篇Download Knowledge Directly to

恬恬2019-12-17  45
问题 共用题干第二篇

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain

For the first time,researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the biain,using
induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It's not quite as advanced as an instant Kung-fu down-
load,and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception,but it's still an important finding that could lead to new
teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician,and use them as a
benchmark for teaching another person a new activity,according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used
functional magnetic resonance imaging,or fMRI,to study the learning process.They were examining the
adult brain's aptitude for visual perceptual learning,or VPL,in which repetitive training improves a per-
son's performance on a particular task.Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an on-
going debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeed-
back to stimulate the visual cortex.First they showed participants circles at different orientations.Then they
used fMRI to watch the participants'brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to
recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors.The
participants were asked to"somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain"to make a solid green
disc as large as they could.They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc,
but they weren't told anything about what the disc meant.The researchers watched the participants'brain
activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
"Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,"the study
authors write,"or the adtivation in one region relative to that in another region."
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning,the researchers said.
"The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to
a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the fea-
ture or subjects' awareness of what was to be learned,"Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
"It can'incept' a person to acquire new learning, skills,or memory,or possibly to restore skills or
knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease,or aging,without a person's awareness of what
is learned or memorized,"they write.
选项 What have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?A:Discover a person's learning process in the brain.B:Make a person know how to do something without learning.C:Set up different learning patterns for different people.D:Enable people to learn Kung fu instantly.
答案A
解析由文章第一段第一句中“researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain...”可知，研究人员已经能进人大脑的学习过程进行相关的了解，故应选A。 由文章第三段的第二句话“They were examining...in which repetitive training improves a person ' s performance on a particular task.”可知，在对大脑视觉感学习能力的研究中，重复性的 训练改善了一个人做某种工作的表现，故选D。 由文章第七段和第八段第一句中“The most surprising thing in this study is...without presenting the feature or subjects ' awareness of what was to be learned”可知，在实验过程中，实验 对象是不知道他们要学的内容的，其他各项文中均未提到，故选B。 由文章第八段中“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature”可知，这项研究不可思议的一点是，和某一特定视觉特征对应的神经激活 特征的归纳结果导致该视觉特征的功能的提升，也就是说，学习过程在这里和视觉功能联系在 了一起，故选B。 由文章最后一段的内容可知，该研究可以让人获得新的知识、记忆，或者恢复由于事 故、疾病或者老龄化而损失的技能或知识，故选C。
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