2. 建筑工程
  3. Part C Directions: 　Read the following

Part C Directions: 　Read the following

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问题 Part CDirections:　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)　Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (1) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.　Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (2) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.　This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (3) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.　Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (4) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.　Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (5) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
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解析1. 这也是为什么当我们试图用言语来描述音乐时，我们所能做的只是表达我们对音乐的感受，而不是理解音乐本身。【解析】①结构分析：本句的主干是It is also the reason why ，这是一个用why引导定语从句的固定句型，说明什么是什么的原因；all作不定代词，用we can do修饰，指“所有我们能做的事”；从句中还含有一个when引导的时间状语when we try to describe music with words。动词articulate及grasp之前均省略了to.符合“有do无to”的语法规则。故该从句可理解为all we can do is to…not to…“我们能做的事是……，而不是……”。our reactions to it中it指代music。　②内容要点分析：it is also the reason why…通常译为“这也是……的原因”或“这也是为什么……”；本句原因太长故采用第二种说法；try to do sth.表示试图努力做某事，with words“用言语”在when引导的从句中作状语，将其提到to describe之前来翻译更符合汉语表达习惯。从句主干中的对称结构is（to）articulate…and not（to）grasp…在翻译中要体现出来，译为“只是……而不是……”。grasp有“抓住，理解”的意思。2.人们都认为贝多芬是一个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我觉得要理解它的作品的，勇气是一个必备的品质，更不用说演奏他的作品了。【解析】①结构分析：本句是一个由连接词and连接的并列复合句，第一个分句的主语是he，by all accounts用作状语，意为“据大家所说”、“人人都这么说”，one指代person即贝多芬，为了避免重复；第二个分句的主语是I，谓语动词是find，courage为宾语an essential quality补充说明宾语let alone意为“更不必说”，performance与understanding对应，二者共用定语of his works。；　　②内容要点分析：by all accounts是一个固定词组，意为“据大家所知”，因此可以翻译为“人们普遍认为”。freethinking译为“思想自由”，与courageous 搭配可译为“勇敢无畏”。Let alone 意为“更不用说”，由于performance与understanding共用定语of his works，故翻译let alone the performance 时需要增补“他的作品”. 译为“更不用演奏他的作品”。3.贝多芬习惯以一种极大的强度来提高音量，然后突然接上一段柔和的小节，在他之前几乎没有作曲家这样做。【解析】①结构分析：该句主语很长，整个句子可看作Beethoven’s habit was only rarely used by composers before him.主语中心词是habit，of后采用两个动名词引导的对称结构修饰，说明贝多芬的作曲习惯。谓语be used by…为被动语态，由两个副词Only rarely修饰，其中only修饰rarely表示极少。　②内容要点分析：本句翻译需要用到词性转换的技巧，由of 引导的修饰habit的内容非常多，定语太长，因此可把“……的习惯”译为动词，即“贝多芬习惯于……”；由of引导的第二个所属结构中既有abruptly又有sudden，都表示突然的意思， 因此为了避免形容词堆砌，可以省译其中一个。was only rarely used by composers是被动语态，这里可以化被动为主动，更符合汉语表达习惯。4.尤为重要的是他对自由的看法，对他来说，自由是与个人权利和责任联系在一起的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。【解析】①结构分析：本句是形容词作表语置于句首的完全倒装结构，正序应是his view of freedom was especially significant. 翻译时不用变换，直接说“尤为重要的是……”可体现语序，也符合汉语习惯。Which引导定语从句修饰 his view of freedom ，冒号后的内容对自由做进一步的解释。　　②内容要点分析：significant意为“重大的”在此可译为“重要的”，view of freedom应译为“对自由的看法”。定语从句which指代freedom，for him为插入语译为“对他来说”。Be associated with 意为与……联系，rights and responsibilities of the individual指权利与责任，of thought and of personal expression同时修饰freedom，译为“思想自由和个人言论自由”。5.我们可以用这样一句话解读贝多芬的大多数作品——苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气使生活值得继续。【解析】①结构分析：该句结构层次多，主句为One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven，后接方式状语by saying that…，其包含一个从句suffering is…worth living，而此句又是一个以but连接的并列句。不定式短语to fight it为courage的后置定语，it指代苦难（suffering）；使役动词render作谓语，worth living为宾语life的补足语，该句直译为“使生活值得继续”。　　②内容要点分析：本句涉及one这个泛指不定代词的翻译，One可以指人或物，这里译为“我们”，by引导的方式状语通常泽为“通过……”、“用......方式”，此句中by后内容很多，翻译时可将这个方式状语拆开，增译“这样一句话”或“这种说法”后面再具体说明。动名词Suffering在此做主语，be worth doing 是固定搭配，意为值得做……。
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