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  3. 共用题干 Solar Power Without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effec...

共用题干 Solar Power Without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effec...

admin2020-12-24  3
问题 共用题干
Solar Power Without Solar Cells

A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers
could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
The researchers found a way to make an"optical________(51)",said Stephen Rand,a professor in
the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Physics and Applied Physics.
Light has electric and magnetic_______(52).Until now,scientists thought the effects of the mag-
netic field were so weak that they could be________(53).What Rand and his colleagues found is that at
the right intensity,when light is traveling through a material that does not_________(54)electricity,the
light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected.Under
these circumstances,the magnetic effects develop strength_________(55)to a strong electric effect.
"This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce
charge separation,"Rand said."In solar cells,the_________(56)goes into a matenal,gets absorbed and
creates heat.Here,we expect to have a very low heat load.Instead of the light being absorbed,energy is
stored in the magnetic moment.Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately
capable of providing a capacitive power________(57)."What makes this possible is a previously unde-
tected brand of"optical rectification",says William Fisher,a doctoral student in applied physics.In tradi-
tional optical rectification,light's electric field causes a charge separation,or a pulling_________(58)of
the positive and negative charges in a material.This sets up a voltage,similar to______(59)in a
battery.
Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials,the light's
magnetic field can also create optical rectification.The light must be shone through a________(60)that
does not conduct electricity,such as glass.And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per
square centimeter. Sunlight isn't this_______(61)on its own,but new materials are being sought that
would work at lower intensities,Fisher said.
"In our most recent paper,we show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost
_________(62)effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,"Fisher said.
This new_________(63)could make solar power cheaper,the researchers say.They predict that with
improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to usable energy.That's
equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells.
"To manufacture modern solar cells,you have to do. _______(64)semiconductor processing,"
Fisher said."All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it.Glassworks for
_________ (65).It's already made in bulk,and it doesn't require as much processing.Transparent
ceramics might be even better."
选项 _________(60)
A:material
B:device
C:detector
D:meter
答案A
解析文章第一段提及新的研究发现可能实现不需要传统的半导体太阳能电池而获得太阳 能，因此这里研究者应该是发现了“光学电池”，故选D。
单词application意思为“应用”;component意思为“成分”;resource意思为“资源”; difference意思为“差异，不同”。这里文章所指的是光的组成成分，故选B。
本句的大意为：至今为止，科学家认为光的磁场很弱，因此光的磁效应应该是可被忽略 的，故选B。
单词。 onduct意思为“输送”;produce意思为“生产”;use意思为“使用”;consume意思 为“耗费”。这里指的是光通过不导电的材料，故应选A。
第三段主要探讨电和磁之间的对比，因此最后一句是两者强度的比较。词组be equiva-lent to意思为“和······等同”，符合句意。
根据常识可以判断，这里应该指的是光进人材料，经吸收后产生热量，故应选A。
单词plant作名词意思为“工厂，植物”; source意思为“源头”; equipment意思为“设 备”;line意思为“线路”。根据文章内容可知，这里是指强烈的光照产生强烈的磁化效应，而后 者可以提供一个电容源，故选B。
在本句中“or a pulling...of the positive and negative charges in a material”是对上句charge separation（电荷分离）的解释，词组pull apart意思为“分开，拉开”，故应选C。
单词that常用来代替上文中出现的词语，这里它指代的是voltage，故选C。
由此空下文的“such as glass”可知，这里指的是光线穿过一种材料，故选A。
由下文的“that would work at lower intensities”可知，此处应该指的是光的强度不够高， 所以才寻找适应这一特点的材料，故选D。
此处考查的是as...as结构，这里是把太阳光和激光比较，故选B。
由文章内容可知，本文探讨的是一种科学技术。technology指的是联系到系统、设备和 方法的科学知识，而skill指的是一种技巧，通过培训或训练可习得的本领，故应选B。
由文章倒数第二句中“and it doesn ' t require as much processing”的提示可知，此空指的 是制作现代太阳能电池时需要进行广泛的加工，单词extensive意思为“广泛的，大量的”，符合 句意。
上文Fisher提到所需的是能够聚光的镜片和可以导光的纤维物质，而玻璃制品是可以 同时具备这两种功能的，故选D。
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