2. 建筑工程
  3. Part B Directions: 　The following para

Part B Directions: 　The following para

恬恬2020-05-20  159
问题 Part BDirections:　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)　[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example; the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.　[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.　[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.　[D] Surveys can cover a  large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.　[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.　[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.　[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
选项
答案
解析1. C　本段的首句是一个问句，具有总起的特点。纵观全文不难发现，此文为说明文。文章的首段通常是提出问题。此外，A和E选项已给出，无需考虑。B段第一句有another，E段首句物主代词their，没有指代对象，F段有however，因此这些段落都不可能是首段，故范围缩小至C段和D段和G段，而D段讲述的是Survey的范围可大可小，G段论述地面勘测，十分具体，都与下一段A段所说的“发现考古遗址的途径”衔接不上；C段以设问的方式引出话题：考古学家如何发现考古遗址，与A段的主题刚好可以衔接，故最终确定C段为文章的首段。　　2. F　本题在A段与E段之间。A段讲述发现考古遗址的三种方式：容易看到的；仔细搜寻定位的；意外发现的。E段则为考古学家发现遗址的方法，是A段中一种方式的具体介绍，故推测本题的内容应与考古学家如何仔细搜寻遗址有关。F段首句中的most archaeological sites， set out to look for them正好与A段中的Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching一致，与A段衔接如此紧密，必随其后。　　3. G　本题在E段后，E段首句提到考古学家寻找遗址的两个方法：系统的考察方法（systematic survey methods）及多种多样的高科技技术手段（a variety of high-technology tools and techniques），速读该段可发现，该段只讲述了后者，主要是航空技术。故推测下文应该会勘测方法。剩余选项开头有提到survey的有D段和G段。而D段探讨的是survey 的范围（cover…），G段提到的是Ground surveys，讲述“地面勘测”的具体方法和作用，正好和上一段的空中相对应，故相比之下，G段与E段逻辑联系更紧密。　　4. D　剩下B段和D段，而根据D段第二句中的in one case和B段开头的in another case很容易判断D段在B段之后。本题在G段后，G段末是关于考古学家在地面勘测（ground survey）时绘制遗址地图（map sites and landscapes）。故考虑下文应该是讲述其他勘测方法，或具体展开论述“绘制地图”。 而D段讲述勘测的范围，与G段的勘测方法为同一范畴，而段中的settlement maps也对应了G段末map site，故确定D段为答案。　　5. B　本题位于D段后，由D段首句可知，勘测的范围有两个方面，a large settlement“单个大规模地区”或entire landscapes“整个地貌”，而D段的例子只能体现a large settlement，都是一些杳无人烟的村庄（small rural villages）故推测下文会讲述勘测范围是整个地貌的，B段提到mapping the entire city属于绘制大片区域地图的例子，且该段中的 In another ease正好与D段中的In one case对应，故确定答案为B。
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