首页
财务会计
医药卫生
金融经济
考公考编
外语考试
学历提升
职称考试
建筑工程
IT考试
其他
登录
财务会计
Passage 1 In the field of psychology, t
Passage 1 In the field of psychology, t
shuhaiku
2019-12-17
11
问题
Passage 1In the field of psychology, there has long been a certain haziness surrounding the definition ofcreativity, an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation. During ourconversation, Mark Beeman, a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University, told me that heused to be reluctant to tell people what his area of study was, for fear of being dismissed ormisunderstood. What, for instance, crosses your mind when you think of creativity Well, we knowthat someone is creative if he produces new things or has new ideas. And yet, as John Kounios, apsychologist at Drexel University who collaborates frequently with Beeman, points out, that view iswrong, or at least not entirely right. "Creativity is the process, not the product," he says.To illustrate, Beeman offers an example. Imagine someone who has never used or seen apaperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch of papers together. Then the person comes up with a newway of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place. "That was very creative," Beeman says. Onthe flip side, if someone works in a new field--Beeman gives the example of nanotechnology--anything that he produces may be considered inherently "creative." But was the act of producing itactually creative As Beeman put it,"Not all artists are creative. And some accountants are verycreative."Insight, however, has proved less difficult to define and to study. Because it arrives at a specificmoment in time, you can isolate it, examine it, and analyze its characteristics. "Insight is only onepart of creativity," Beeman says."But we can measure it. We have a temporal marker thatsomething just happened in the brain. I′d never say that′s all of creativity, but it′s a central,identifiable component." When scientists examine insight in the lab, they are looking at what typesof attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis: If you are trying to facilitate abreakthrough, are there methods you can use that help If you feel stuck on a problem, are theretricks to get you throughIn a recent study, Beeman and Kounios followed people′s gazes as they attempted to solvewhat′s called the remote-associates test, in which the subject is given a series of words, like "pine,""crab," and "sauce," and has to think of a single word that can logically be paired with all of them.They wanted to see if the direction of a person′ s eyes and her rate of blinking could shed light onher approach and on her likelihood of success. It turned out that if the subject looked directly at aword and focused on it--that is, blinked less frequently, signaling a higher degree of closeattention--she was more likely to be thinking in an analytical, convergent fashion, going throughpossibilities that made sense and systematically discarding those that didn′ t. If she looked at "pine,"say, she might be thinking of words like "tree," "cone," and "needle," then testing each option tosee if it fit with the other words. When the subject stopped looking at any specific word, either bymoving her eyes or by blinking, she was more likely to think of broader, more abstract associations.That is a more insight-oriented approach."You need to learn not just to stare but to look outsideyour focus," Beeman says. (The solution to this remote-associates test: "apple. ")As it turns out, by simple following someone′s eyes and measuring her blinks and fixationtimes, Beeman′s group can predict how someone will likely solve a problem and when she isnearing that solution. That′s an important consideration for would-be creative minds: it helps usunderstand how distinct patterns of attention may contribute to certain kinds of insights.According to John Kounios, what does the underlined word "that" in PARAGRAPH two refer to
选项
A.Bending the stiffwire.B.Holding papers in place.C.The idea of making a paperclip.D.The process of making a paperclip.
答案
D
解析
指代题。根据画线单词that前的句子“To illustrate,Beeman offers an example.Imaginesomeone who has never used or seen a paperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch ofpapers together.Then the personcomes up with a new way of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place."可知,为了解释其观点,Beeman举了一个例子。试想一个从未使用过或者见过回形针的人正在努力将一堆纸叠在一起。然后他想到将一根金属丝掰弯以固定纸堆的办法。又根据第一段最后一句“Creativity is the process,not the product”可知that指的是做回形针的过程。故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://ti.zuoweng.com/ti/cKOsKKKQ
相关试题推荐
Passage1 \"THESERVANT\"(1963)isoneof
Passage1 \"THESERVANT\"(1963)isoneof
Passage1 \"THESERVANT\"(1963)isoneof
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLa
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLa
Passage2 ForcenturiesinSpainandLa
Passage2 Americanstodaydon′tplacea
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolose
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolose
Passage2 Americansdon’tliketolose
随机试题
患儿,女性,7岁,上中切牙替换后中间有缝隙,原因不可能是 A.切牙萌出时冠方远
共用题干 某农用收割机制造企业生产B10-3型号收割机,年产量30000台,每
根据《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》,在进行监测布点时,在评价区内应按以( )
银行可以进行的代理业务包括()。
在社区管理中,社区的各级管理要素进行统一计划、组织、协调、监督和控制,长期获得最
下列属于事实论据的是()。
下列关于权重系数的作用说法错误的是()。
女,55岁,高血压,冠心病患者。近日加班工作后,心前区闷痛发作频繁。伴头痛,休息
2004年4月30日,乌海市××煤矿发生一起特大透水事故,造成13人死亡、2人失踪,直接经济损失287.5万元。该矿井田面积为0.144km2,煤种为肥焦...
不同的企业层面控制在性质和精确度上存在差异,注册会计师评价这些差异对其他控制及其测试的影响时,不需要考虑的是( )。A.有些企业层面控制可能影响注册会计师拟测