首页
财务会计
医药卫生
金融经济
考公考编
外语考试
学历提升
职称考试
建筑工程
IT考试
其他
登录
职称考试
When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this talles...
When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this talles...
admin
2020-12-24
40
问题
When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide accolades. German newspapers described how it “floated above the clouds” with “elegance and lightness” and “breathtaking” beauty. In France, papers praised the “immense” “concrete giant.” Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, Boroditsky is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that “the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically,” not only when they are thinking in order to speak, “but in all manner of cognitive tasks,” including basic sensory perception. “Even a small fluke of grammar”—the gender of nouns—“can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,” she says.
As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Brucke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw prototypically female features; Frenchspeakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions. In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory, for instance, the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine, says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male, and Russians tend to paint it as female. Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English?s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian?s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that?s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for “in” when one object is in another snugly, and a different one when an object is in something loosely. Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit. Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in “she ate [and finished] the pizza.” In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says “she broke the bowl” even if it smashed accidentally, Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like “the bowl broke itself.” “When we show people video of the same event,” says Boroditsky, “English speakers remember whowas to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality.”
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “accolades” in PARAGRAPH ONE?
选项
A. Praises.
B. Awards.
C. Support.
D. Gratitude.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://ti.zuoweng.com/ti/O9T8KKKQ
相关试题推荐
WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistalles...
WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistalles...
WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistalles...
WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistalles...
WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistalles...
Onhearingtheutterance"It′shothere",thelisteneropenedthedoor.It...A.
根据以下材料,回答 DerekSandha,whocamefromFrance,wasdressedinformalsuitonT...
根据以下材料,回答 DerekSandha,whocamefromFrance,wasdressedinformalsuitonT...
根据以下材料,回答 DerekSandha,whocamefromFrance,wasdressedinformalsuitonT...
根据以下材料,回答 DerekSandha,whocamefromFrance,wasdressedinformalsuitonT...
随机试题
主动脉关闭不全超声检查最典型的表现是 A.二尖瓣开放、关闭异常 B.主动脉瓣
下列属于中国银行业监督管理委员会监管标准的有()。 A.促进金融稳定与金
钢筋混凝土悬挑雨篷板,其受力主筋应配置在板的()
对植物新品种复审委员会的决定不服的,可以自收到通知之日起()内向人民法院提起诉讼。A.1个月B.2个月C.3个月D.6个月
天疱疮病理特点为A.上皮萎缩B.上皮下疱C.上皮过度角化D.棘层松解,上皮内疱E.上皮内水肿
上颌第一磨牙舌面近中舌尖与远中舌尖之间的沟称为()A.远中舌沟B.近中舌沟C.近中沟D.远中沟E.舌沟
关于妊娠期高血压疾病易发因素,除外A.经产妇B.精神过度紧张者C.营养不良者D.体型矮胖者E.高龄孕产妇
可见较多透明管型及颗粒管型,还可见红细胞管型的是A.慢性肾小球肾炎B.肾病综合征C.慢性肾盂肾炎D.急性肾盂肾炎E.急性肾小球肾炎
划分一个行业属于什么类型的市场结构的主要依据有()。A.进入障碍的大小B.个别劳动生产率的差别程度C.各企业生产技术的差别程度D.本行业内部的生产者数目
根据我国《社会保险法》的规定,下列关于公务员养老保险的表述错误的是( )。A.公务员的养老保险办法由国务院规定B.公务员实行社会统筹与个人账户结合的基本养老保